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Author: Lubos Rendek
1. Introduction This guide will provide all necessary steps on how to create, bundle, upload, run and connect Debian ETCH AMI on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2). For this guide we have used a Ubuntu 9.04. However, any other Linux distribution can also be used as long as it contains java and ruby packages. For more information about Amazon EC2 read here.
This page is not in any way an affiliate to Amazon Web Services. ! 2. Prerequisites- Internet connection
- registered user account for S3 and EC2 services with Amazon Web Services (AWS)
- Amazaon Access Key ID
- Amazon Secret Access Key
- Amazon Account Number
- Amazon X.509 Certificate
- at least 1GB free hard drive space
- following packages need to be installed:
apt-get install ssh debootstrap ruby
sun-java6-bin libopenssl-ruby curl 3. Before we start
As you will see in the next sections of this guide many different files are required to successfully use Amazon's EC2 Web Services. For the sake of simplicity, we will create a directory "aws" in ~/ and store all necessary files there for a quick access. There will be three exceptions:
- AWS's api and ami tools which we will install into /opt directory
- chroot environment will be created in /chroot
- Amazon's account certificate and private key will be stored in ~/.ec2
4. Create Amazon Machine Image 4.1. Creating AMI in chroot environment 4.1.1. Create disk image with dd To begin, we need to create a disk image of size appropriate for our installation. In this case we create a disk image around 750MB big. To do that we use dd command. dd if=/dev/zero of=debian-ami count=750 bs=1M Output of this command we create a file called debian-ami and it will be stored in our ~/aws directory.
 4.1.2. Make a filesystem on the disk image Before we mount this image we need to create a file system. To do this job we can use mkfs.ext3 command as follows: mkfs.ext3 -F debian-ami You terminal output should be similar to one below:
 4.1.3. Mount newly created disk image Now, we are almost ready to mount our new disk image. Before we do that, we need to decide where we would like to run chroot environment. In this guide we will use /chroot directory. Change to root ( super user ) and make directory with [[mkdir|mkdir]] command: mkdir /chroot  to mount the disk image from our ~/aws directory we use following command: mount -o loop /home/linuxconfig/aws/debian-ami /chroot  4.1.4. Install debian into /chroot To install Debian into /chroot we use debootstrap command which can be found on Debian as well as on Ubuntu. If you followed our prerequisites section the debootstrap command should be already available for you: debootstrap --arch i386 etch /chroot/ http://ftp.debian.org The output of this command will be quite long. The debootstrap will retrieve, validate, unpack and install all necessary packages.  At the end you should get a messagesimilar to one shown on the next terminal screen shot:  4.2.1. Enter chrooted environment Now that we have successfully installed minimal Debian system packages, we need to chroot into this installation and do some changes. Enter chroot environment with chroot command. chroot /chroot  4.2.2. Create devices mount /proc
cd /dev
MAKEDEV console
MAKEDEV std  4.2.3. Change root password This will create new password for a super user account:
NOTE:We are still in the chroot environment ! passwd  We need to edit network interfaces file to use DHCP on the boot. This command will do the trick: echo -e 'auto lo\niface lo inet loopback\nauto eth0\niface eth0 inet dhcp' >> /etc/network/interfaces  4.2.5. Amend /etc/fstab file We also need to define some mount points: echo -e '/dev/sda1 / ext3 defaults 0 1\n/dev/sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0' > /etc/fstab  4.2.6. Install sshd Once we would have our new AMI ready, uploaded and started we would connect to it via ssh. Therefore, we need to install ssh daemon. Use apt-get to install ssh package:
NOTE: We are still in chrooted environment apt-get install ssh Your chroot environment is sharing the same Internet connection with your host so everything should go smoothly. Do not worry about "Setting locale failed." warring messages. 4.2.7. Exit / umount chroot environment All should be ready, so we can exit chroot environment: exit and use unmount to unmount file image: umount -l /chroot 5. Upload New Amazon Machine Image5.1. Setup Amazon environment variables, keys and cert's Now it is time that we extract our account details and certificates from the amazon web site. Create ~/.ec2 directory and save there your certificates. The steps involved are described [http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/kbcategory.jspa?categoryID=84 here]. Navigate to GET STARTED -> Setting up an Account. If you have private key and certificate saved, we can set environmental variable, so we do not have to refer to them with a full path when using ami and api tools: mkdir ~/.ec2
export EC2_PRIVATE_KEY=~/.ec2/pk-K5AHLDNT3ZI28UIE6Q7CC3YZ4LIZ54K7.pem
export EC2_CERT=~/.ec2/cert-K5AHLDNYYZI2FUIE6R7CC3YJ4LIZ54K7.pem EC2 AMI Tools and EC2 API Tools are based on java. Set environment variable for java and confirm that java is installed: export JAVA_HOME=/usr/
$JAVA_HOME/bin/java -version  As a last thing we can also setup account number variable, access key and secret key:
NOTE: Access key, secret key and account number are randomly created for this guide to fit a real format. They are not valid! However, if you have plenty time you may try ! export EC2_ACCNO=155678941235
export ACCESS_KEY=1WQ6FJKYHJMPTJ3QR6G2
export SECRET_KEY=VDYxRzosnDWvxrJ97QntVpsSUBAavGHE1QJELEyY This part of this tutorial will explain how to setup and use EC2 AMI Tools in order to bundle and upload new AMI. Download ami tools : cd ~/aws
wget http://s3.amazonaws.com/ec2-downloads/ec2-ami-tools.zip  unzip ec2-ami-tools.zip to /opt:
NOTE: Use sudo or switch to root ! unzip -d /opt/ ec2-ami-tools.zip Include ami tools to the PATH variable and EC2_HOME: export PATH=$PATH:/opt/ec2-ami-tools-1.3-21885/bin
export EC2_HOME=/opt/ec2-ami-tools-1.3-21885  5.2.3. Bundle new AMI All is set up and we are ready to bundle our new Debian AMI. You will be asked "Please specify a value for arch [i386]", if left blank default is 10MB: ec2-bundle-image -i debian-ami --cert $EC2_CERT --privatekey $EC2_PRIVATE_KEY -u $EC2_ACCNO  5.2.4. Upload AMI files Previously, bundle image ami tool will create files in /tmp directory by default . This is also the place where your XML manifest for your new AMI is located. Now upload AMI:
NOTE:If bucket does not exist it will be created! Moreover, you MUST choose your own name for the bucket. ec2-upload-bundle -b linux-debian-etch -m /tmp/debian-ami.manifest.xml -a $ACCESS_KEY -s $SECRET_KEY  This part of this tutorial will explain how to setup and use EC2 API Tools in order to register and use new AMI. Download api tools : cd ~/aws
wget http://s3.amazonaws.com/ec2-downloads/ec2-api-tools.zip  unzip ec2-api-tools.zip to /opt:
NOTE: Use sudo or switch to root ! unzip -d /opt/ ec2-api-tools.zip Include api tools to the PATH variable and EC2_HOME: export PATH=$PATH:/opt/ec2-api-tools-1.3-24159/bin/
export EC2_HOME=/opt/ec2-api-tools-1.3-24159/  At this stage we are ready to register our new AMI. After registering, we will get AMI's id number.
NOTE:For an Amazon API tools, the path to your amazon EC2 certificate and private key are automatically extracted from the environment variables defined earlier. ec2-register linux-debian-etch/debian-ami.manifest.xml  5.4. Run AMI instance Now that we have got a AMI's registered number, we can start it: ec2-run-instances ami-b9f115d0  5.5. Describe AMI instance Well, AMi is running and we need to know some more information about it such as IP address or full domain name, use the instance number generated when starting AMI. ( see previous step !): ec2-describe-instances i-c369ccaa  5.6. Connecting to AMI with ssh If this is not your fist AMI you probably already have your port 22 enabled. If not, run this command first before you attempt to connect to it: ec2-authorize default -p 22 Once enabled, use shh command to connect to your new Debian ETCH AMI: ssh root@IP-address or full-domain-name NOTE:We retrieved the full domain name previously with ec2-describe-instances command.
 6. Appendix 6.1. Other useful EC2 commands 6.1.1. Console output To see what is happening with our instance, we can use ec2-get-console-output with combination of our instance ID: ec2-get-console-output 6.1.2. Shut down the Amazon EC2 instance To shut down the Amazon EC2 instance use: ec2-terminate-instances 6.1.3. View the list of registered AMI's To view the list of your registered Amazon Machine Images: ec2-describe-images
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ISSN 1836-5930
I had a problem using this method for debootstrapping Ubuntu 8.04, resulting in multiple perl errors upon installing ssh.
I found that running the following command before installing ssh fixed my issues.
> locale-gen en_US.UTF-8