Did You Know? netcat is a unix utility which reads and writes data across network connections, using TCP or UDP protocol. It's designed to be a reliable back-end tool that can be used directly or easily driven by other programs and scripts. At the same time, it's a feature-rich network debugging and exploration tool, since it can create almost any kind of connection you would need and has several interesting built-in capabilities. Netcat, or "nc" as the actual program is named, should have been supplied long ago as another one of those cryptic but standard Unix tools.

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Linux Commands

Article Index

Here is a list of basic linux commands. This list of linux commands is not complete as there are many more linux commands available. However, it should make a good start for a beginner or intermediate linux administrator / linux user. All linux commands in this list include examples to demonstrate how the actual linux command works.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

alias - create names or abbreviations for commands
apropos - search the manual page names and descriptions
at [man page] - queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution

B

bc [man page] - An arbitrary precision calculator language

C

cal - displays a calendar
cat [man page] - concatenate files and print on the standard output
cd - change directory
chgrp [man page] - change group ownership
chmod [man page] - change file access permissions
cksum [man page] - checksum and count the bytes in a file
cp [man page] - copy files and directories
csplit [man page] - split a file into sections determined by context lines

D

date [man page] - print or set the system date and time
dd [man page] - convert and copy a file
du [man page] - estimate file space usage

E

egrep [man page] - print lines matching a pattern
export - set an environment variable

F

fgrep [man page] - print lines matching a pattern
find [man page] - search for files in a directory hierarchy
fold [man page] - wrap each input line to fit in specified width

G

grep [man page] - print lines matching a pattern

H

head [man page] - output the first part of files

I

J

join [man page] - join lines of two files on a common field

K

L

logrotate [man page] - rotates, compresses, and mails system logs
ls [man page] - list directory contents

M

mkdir [man page] - make directories
mv [man page] - move (rename) files
mount [man page] - mount a file system

N

nl [man page] - number lines of files

O

od [man page] - dump files in octal and other formats

P

pwd [man page] - print name of current/working directory

Q

R

rgrep [man page] - print lines matching a pattern
rm [man page] - remove files or directories

S

scp - secure copy (remote file copy program)
ssh - OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)

T

tail [man page] - output the last part of files
tar [man page] - The GNU version of the tar archiving utility
tee [man page] - read from standard input and write to standard output and files
time [man page] - run programs and summarize system resource usage
touch [man page] - change file timestamps

V

vim - Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor

W

watch [man page] - execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen
wc [man page] - print newline, word, and byte counts for each file
whoami [man page] - print effective userid

X

Y

yes [man page] - output a string repeatedly until killed

Z

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Comments (20)

2010-07-01 21:35:36 |Your IP address:125.20.82.xxx| vandana - linux

how to add n delete addr from arp table thru linux command

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2010-05-10 00:38:37 |Your IP address:93.178.66.xxx| bombadill - Greeting

Awesome site! Bookmark in my browser - by all means! One little thing - tips (Did You Known...), it's a plugin? For Joomla? Looks very funny...

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2010-05-10 08:13:55 |Your IP address:115.64.70.xxx| lubos - it's a plugin? For Joomla?

it is newsflash :-) just testing :-))

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2010-05-11 01:42:30 |Your IP address:87.117.54.xxx| bombadill - newsflash

is there for joomla something like it? :-)

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2010-06-10 17:36:32 |Your IP address:115.252.108.xxx| mohan - FEEDBACK

thanks for providing the list of commands

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2010-05-10 02:43:27 |Your IP address:115.64.70.xxx| Jacky Phang - Samsung Bixolon Printer Drver for Linux Redhat 7.2

Greetings to all...
I'm coming from Malaysia.I have one Samsung Bixolon printer need to be install at Linux Redhat 7.2. Could you please tell me how to do it / install?
Thanks & regards,
LW Phang

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2010-05-10 02:30:56 |Your IP address:202.83.30.xxx| Harshan - Samsung Bixolon Printer Drver

Start Konqueror web browser and go to File>> Print. This will open up a wizard which can automatically discover most printers.

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2010-05-04 16:18:43 |Your IP address:122.181.4.xxx| vinod kumar - RHEL version

Is there any command by which we can know the version of the RHEL platform, like RHEL3 or 4 or 5?

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2010-05-04 20:13:00 |Your IP address:115.64.70.xxx| lubos - Is there any command by which we can know the vers

hi,

try :
cat /etc/redhat-release

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2010-04-25 14:31:10 |Your IP address:124.124.185.xxx| gaurav

HOW TO START LINUX OS. it show to enter username and password ..but password is not typed.. what to do

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2010-04-25 15:29:01 |Your IP address:115.64.70.xxx| lubos - HOW TO START LINUX OS

YOu do not see that password on the terminal but you are still typing it. So its is OK to do not see the password. Just type it in and hit enter..!!

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2010-04-17 17:43:00 |Your IP address:122.168.201.xxx| kawere

any who needs help in linux most in administration and security contract mi on this email address

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2010-03-20 09:06:53 |Your IP address:115.64.70.xxx| Ashar Hasan - to install a usb wireless internet device on UBUNT

Hi can you tell me that how i can install USB WIRELESS DEVICE on my UBUNTU OR FEDORA(VM WARE)..i have run the driver of that company from which i have buy that wireless usb device but unable to install it..
when i run that install file on ubuntu or fedora(VM WARE) It says to me that you must start the process from root,but i can't login to the root,why?i am unable to login from root when OS starts, one more thing i have install both linux OS in GUI mode,not in text mode..if you can help me out,i will be very thankful to you.

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2010-03-20 09:12:28 |Your IP address:115.64.70.xxx| Lubos - install a usb wireless internet device on UBUNTU

Hi Ashar,

fist you need to identify your usb device by lsusb command. The next step would be to check if your device is supported by ubuntu. Here is the list:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/WirelessCardsSupported#Wire less%20USB%20Adapters

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2010-03-17 11:15:01 |Your IP address:71.209.251.xxx| Anonymous

overwrite a file with garage making unrecoverable

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2010-03-17 08:52:36 |Your IP address:115.64.70.xxx| lubos - overwrite a file with garage making unrecoverable

Hi, removing file by rm command does not delete the file from a filesystem. To get rid of this file almost completely a shred linux command can be used.

shred command: DESCRIPTION
Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data.

usage:

shred myfile.txt
other tools:
srm - secure remove (secure_deletion toolkit)
sfill - secure free disk and inode space wiper (secure_deletion toolkit)
smem - secure memory wiper (secure_deletion toolkit)
sswap - secure swap wiper (secure_deletion toolkit)

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2010-03-08 00:38:08 |Your IP address:115.64.70.xxx| lubos - Package management tools

This depends on what linux you are using. For debian like distros start here:
http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/ch-pkgtools.en.html

and for redhat like distros start here:
http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-9-Manual/custom-guide/ch- graphical-rpm.html

lubos

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2010-03-07 18:41:29 |Your IP address:117.97.243.xxx| prabhanja - install command

I'm using linux im home i'm not getting how to
install any software in linux ..
pls any one tell me how to install any software in linux

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2010-03-20 09:13:15 |Your IP address:115.64.70.xxx| ch.venu gopal - Pls. explain the following command

i am new to this forum and in learning stage linux.I dont know how to write scripts. please explain the following command
# nohup sh dunning_script_normal.sh > log.out &

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2010-03-06 19:28:20 |Your IP address:115.64.70.xxx| lubos - # nohup sh dunning_script_normal.sh > log.out &

# nohup sh dunning_script_normal.sh > log.out &

# -> running script as root
nohup -> keep running the script even when I log out
sh -> run shell script
dunning_script_normal.sh -> the actual script file
> -> redirect output
log.out -> output will be stored in log.out file
& -> release shell prompt when I run the script

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